The Taliban have stepped up their search for people who worked for Nato forces or the previous Afghan government, a UN document has warned.
It said the militants have been going door-to-door to find targets and threatening their family members.
The hardline Islamist group has tried to reassure Afghans since seizing power, promising there would be “no revenge”.
But there are fears the Taliban have changed little since the brutal 1990s.
The warning the group were targeting “collaborators” came in a confidential document by the RHIPTO Norwegian Center for Global Analyses, which provides intelligence to the UN.
“There are a high number of individuals that are currently being targeted by the Taliban and the threat is crystal clear,” Christian Nellemann, who heads the group behind the report, told the BBC.
“It is in writing that, unless they give themselves in, the Taliban will arrest and prosecute, interrogate and punish family members on behalf of those individuals.”
He warned that anyone on the Taliban’s blacklist was in severe danger, and that there could be mass executions.
In other developments:
More anti-Taliban protests have taken place in several cities. In the capital Kabul, demonstrators waved the national flag while there were reportedly casualties among protesters in Asadabad
One of those who died falling from a US plane leaving Kabul has been identified as 19-year-old Zaki Anwari, who played for Afghanistan’s national youth football team
Foreign powers are continuing their efforts to get their nationals out of Afghanistan. The US says it has evacuated 7,000 people since 14 August
Outside Kabul airport the situation remains chaotic. The Taliban has been blocking Afghans trying to flee, one video showed a child being handed to a US soldier
The Taliban now control thousands of US-made armoured vehicles, 30-40 aircraft and a large number of small arms, US officials told Reuters
The Taliban captured Kabul on Sunday, having swept across the country as foreign forces withdrew.
Their victory returns the group to power 20 years on from when they were toppled in a US-led invasion.
The group’s previous stint in power saw widespread abuses, including public executions and banning women from the workplace.
But in their first news conference since retaking control of Afghanistan, the group presented a conciliatory tone, promising women’s rights would be respected “within the framework of Islamic law”.
The Taliban have reportedly pledged not to force women to wear the burka – a one-piece veil that covers the face and body. Instead, the hijab – or a headscarf – will be compulsory.
They also said they did not want “any internal or external enemies” and that there would be an amnesty for former members of the security forces and those who worked with foreign powers.
International powers – and many Afghans – remain sceptical.
The UN chief Antonio Guterres said the only leverage the body had over the Taliban was the militant’s desire for international recognition.
Asked in an interview if he thought the Taliban had changed, US President Joe Biden said no, adding the group faced an “existential” choice about whether they want to be recognised.
